نشریه مطالعات فقه و حقوق رسانه
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Cultural rights encompass a wide range of human rights. Many human rights and freedoms are either included in the framework of cultural rights or require cultural rights for their proper realization. The family, as a fundamental and foundational unit of society, plays an irreplaceable role in the growth, development, and even decline of a society. On the other hand, culture and cultural development have been considered as important factors in the development and progress of communities. Therefore, the movement towards cultural development takes into account the importance of the family. The family is defined as a group of two or more individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together as a household. The cultural rights of the family and each of its members are important and require examination and attention. This paper aims to identify the cultural rights of the family and its members, which encompass various aspects, including the right to equality and the elimination of discrimination among family members in the enjoyment of cultural rights, the right to participate in cultural life, the right to education, the right to recreation, and the right to enjoy a moral and humane life.

The present research aims to study and investigate cybercrimes against Iranian families from a social and cultural perspective, using a descriptive-analytical method. In this study, while providing a history of cybercrimes, the characteristics and differences of this category of crimes compared to other crimes, their types, statistics, and existing laws in this field, we examine cybercrimes that threaten Iranian families with a social and cultural approach. We familiarize ourselves with the most common crimes that occur in this context, the concept of crime and criminality in cyberspace, the grounds for committing cybercrimes, target groups, and those vulnerable to these crimes from a social and cultural perspective. The research results indicate that due to the expansion of cyberspace, the reduction of the age of presence and use of it, the penetration rate of the internet, cyberspace, and social networks among different strata of society, the abundant facilities and advantages of cyberspace, and its apparent and content attractions, we are witnessing a growing trend of cybercrimes in the country. Therefore, we can consider cybercrimes, like other social and cultural issues and challenges, as a threat to Iranian families that requires prevention, control, and confrontation through targeted and practical methods and tools.

In our time, insulting religious sanctities and disrespecting their sanctity have become sensitive and critical issues in the media. A careful examination of the media clearly shows how some media outlets have insulted sanctities. The jurisprudential principle of "prohibition of insulting dignities and sanctities" holds special importance in Islamic jurisprudence. This principle, derived by jurists from the verses of the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad and his household, provides significant and beneficial regulations and perspectives. According to this principle, any form of disrespect towards dignities is forbidden, and Muslims should not provoke their enemies to insult Islamic sanctities in response to their own insults, based on certain Quranic verses used as evidence for this principle.

The study of women and media is one of the areas of focus in the field of social communication sciences, which can be approached from various angles. These include the position of women in media organizations and their role in media content production, women as media audiences, and how they are represented in the media. Each of these areas interacts with other fields, and they cannot be separated from each other. It is possible that women as media content producers may incorporate different concepts in their productions due to their different desires and social roles compared to men. The representation of women in media content is also part of the production policies that are influenced by the beliefs, desires, and needs of the producers and may lead to different interpretations by the audience. Although we witness extensive activities by women in various social, political, cultural, and artistic fields in the world and in Iran, there is still a significant gap between the effective and prominent presence of women compared to men in society. Enhancing women's awareness and capabilities will increase society's awareness in various social, cultural, political, and economic aspects that are relevant to their lives and will influence decision-making processes. Since women constitute half of the active force in society, countries that provide opportunities for women to have a more prominent presence in various fields will also benefit from further development.

The expansion of Iran's communication with European and Western societies during the Qajar era indicates the transformation, change, and formation of citizenship rights concepts during this period. Based on this, by examining the texts and publications of this era, especially by studying the media materials of this era, we can observe how the discourse of citizenship rights was formed in the realm of thought of intellectuals and some scientific aspects of this period. It seems that one of the most influential factors in the formation of the concept of citizenship rights and its consequences during the Qajar era was the media, especially the press. Since the press is one of the earliest means of mass communication, serving as a tool for recognizing, introducing, explaining, and disseminating the subjects and concepts of human societies in the past and present, we have chosen this medium to analyze and study the thoughts of Qajar era intellectuals and reformers regarding the selected components of citizenship rights. In this study, the content of Akhtar newspaper was analyzed using quantitative content analysis. In this method, 12 issues of Akhtar newspaper from 1294 AH (the third year of its publication) were systematically selected, and all the data were processed using SPSS software and examined using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between variables. The results of this study show that the majority of published materials in Akhtar newspaper were in the form of news, and analytical articles had a significant share as well, mostly with a political focus. However, the majority of the newspaper's content was aimed at informing about the components of citizenship rights and modern culture, with less emphasis on orientation. If there was any orientation, it tended to be negative and dismissive of certain components.

Education is inherently a difficult and complex concept, and today, with global developments, the concern for educating children has become more ambiguous, especially for religious and concerned families. Scholars and religious scholars have explained the roots of divine education by referring to religious texts derived from revelation, which can be implemented with a little care and time in any time and place, yielding positive results. This article, based on the speech and thoughts of one of the prominent jurists and ethical scholars, Ayatollah Mojtaba Tehrani, focuses on one of the most important aspects of education, namely education in the digital life. It first explains the position and strategies of divine education according to this wise scholar and then addresses the challenges of the digital world. It attempts to provide solutions and warnings for religious education in today's digital world by organizing Ayatollah Tehrani's statements.